{"id":41657,"date":"2025-12-15T21:10:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T13:10:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/?p=41657"},"modified":"2025-12-28T19:07:15","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T11:07:15","slug":"pt-pma-ile-pt-pmdn-karsilastirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/visas-and-regulations\/pt-pma-vs-pt-pmdn\/","title":{"rendered":"Endonezya'da PT PMA ve PT PMDN \u015eirket T\u00fcrleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Endonezya'da ya\u015fayan ve i\u015f kurmay\u0131 planlayan bir yabanc\u0131ysan\u0131z, muhtemelen PT PMA terimini defalarca duymu\u015fsunuzdur. Belki de kanunlarda, bloglarda veya noterinizde PT PMDN terimini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve \u201cBuna da ihtiyac\u0131m var m\u0131?\u201d diye merak etmi\u015fsinizdir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131sa cevap: PT PMA, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. PT PMDN ise Endonezyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7indir. Yabanc\u0131 bir ki\u015fi olarak kendi hisseleriniz i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz bir \u015firket t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fildir, ancak sekt\u00f6rler, sermaye ve olas\u0131 yerel ortaklarla ilgili kurallar\u0131 belirledi\u011fi i\u00e7in yine de \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zor olan k\u0131s\u0131m, \u00e7o\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n avukatlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, sadece yasal bir i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve geceleri rahat uyumak isteyen insanlar i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu k\u0131lavuz, PT PMA ile PT PMDN'yi basit bir dille a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Her birinin ger\u00e7ekte ne anlama geldi\u011fini, yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n nereye uydu\u011funu (ve uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131), sermaye ve sekt\u00f6r kurallar\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini ve Endonezya'da hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve i\u015finizi kurarken uyumlulu\u011fu koruyacak bir yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7ece\u011finizi g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u015eirket T\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn (PMA ve PMDN) \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA ve PT PMDN aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir idari ayr\u0131nt\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu se\u00e7im \u015funlar\u0131 \u015fekillendirir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u015eirketinizin sahibi kim olabilir?<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hangi i\u015f sekt\u00f6rlerine girebilirsiniz?<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ne kadar sermaye yat\u0131rman\u0131z bekleniyor?<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yabanc\u0131 personel veya yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 KITAS'\u0131n\u0131 sponsorlay\u0131p sponsorlayamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Raporlama ve uyum y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcz ne kadar a\u011f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, Endonezya pazar\u0131nda hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u015fletmek isteyen yabanc\u0131 bir giri\u015fimci, yerel bir PT \u015firketini \u201c\u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131p\u201d her \u015fey yolundaym\u0131\u015f gibi davranamaz. Endonezya'da yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, 2007 tarihli 25 numaral\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Kanunu ve bunun \u00fczerine eklenen daha yeni d\u00fczenlemelerle kendi kurallar\u0131na tabidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, Endonezya'ya ait k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir f\u0131r\u0131n, y\u00fcksek asgari sermaye gereksinimi olan bir yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketine ihtiya\u00e7 duymaz. Onlar i\u00e7in, yurt i\u00e7i bir yap\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131, daha ucuz ve daha esnek olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"Endonezya&#039;n\u0131n 2024 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki 1.714,5 trilyon IDR tutar\u0131ndaki yat\u0131r\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini g\u00f6steren infografik ve PMA 52,5% ile PMDN 47,5%&#039;yi 2,46 milyon i\u015f ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran pasta grafik.\" class=\"wp-image-41658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-200x105.jpg 200w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024-64x33.jpg 64w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/indonesia-investment-realization-2024.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu karar\u0131n etkisi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck: Endonezya son zamanlarda 1.714,2 trilyon Endonezya rupisi tutar\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek 2.456.130 i\u015f yaratm\u0131\u015f, bunun 52,51 trilyon Endonezya rupisi tutar\u0131nda k\u0131sm\u0131 Do\u011frudan Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m (PMA), 47,51 trilyon Endonezya rupisi tutar\u0131nda k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Yat\u0131r\u0131m (PMDN) olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PMA ve PMDN yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bu yakla\u015f\u0131k 50\/50 oran\u0131ndaki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m, her iki sermaye kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ulusal ekonomi i\u00e7in stratejik \u00f6nemini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bunun i\u015f kurulumunuz i\u00e7in ne anlama geldi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in, temel unsurlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA ve PT PMDN'ye Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u00d6zellik<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>PT PMA (Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>PT PMDN (Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Yat\u0131r\u0131m)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sahiplik<\/strong><\/td><td>100%'ye kadar yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr (s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara tabidir).<\/td><td>Endonezyal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara ait 100% olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sermaye<\/strong><\/td><td>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olmas\u0131 bekleniyor (genellikle toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m tutar\u0131 10 milyar Endonezya rupisi \u00fczerinde).<\/td><td>Herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek olabilir (Mikro, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, Orta veya B\u00fcy\u00fck).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sekt\u00f6r Eri\u015fimi<\/strong><\/td><td>Pozitif Yat\u0131r\u0131m Listesi (DPI) ile k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/td><td>Yurt i\u00e7i yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\/MSME'lere s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlere eri\u015fim.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Denetim<\/strong><\/td><td>Yabanc\u0131 do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar daha s\u0131k\u0131 denetime tabi tutulacak; s\u0131k\u0131 LKPM raporlamas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/td><td>MSME'ler i\u00e7in daha basit prosed\u00fcrler ve daha az raporlama.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Yabanc\u0131 Personel<\/strong><\/td><td>Yabanc\u0131 y\u00f6netmenler\/uzmanlar i\u00e7in standart ara\u00e7.<\/td><td>M\u00fcmk\u00fcn, ancak gerek\u00e7enin daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 incelenmesine tabi.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6nce h\u0131zl\u0131ca bir resim \u00e7ekelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PT PMA<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelir <em>Yabanc\u0131 Sermaye Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015eirketi<\/em> \u2013 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu bir \u015firket <strong>yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> \u0130\u00e7inde. Endonezya yat\u0131r\u0131m yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m, Endonezya'da i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in yabanc\u0131 \u015fah\u0131slar, yabanc\u0131 \u015firketler veya yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden gelen paray\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PT PMDN<\/strong> anlam\u0131na gelir <em>Yerli Sermaye Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015eirketi<\/em> \u2013 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n geldi\u011fi limited \u015firket <strong>yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar<\/strong> sadece (Endonezya vatanda\u015flar\u0131, Endonezya t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri veya devlet\/b\u00f6lgeler).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ilk olarak y\u00f6netici koltu\u011funda kimin oturdu\u011funa bakmaz. \u015euna bakar: <strong>hisselerin sahibi kimdir<\/strong>. Hissedarlar\u0131n herhangi biri yabanc\u0131 ise, \u015firket yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilir ve PT PMA kategorisine girer. T\u00fcm hissedarlar Endonezyal\u0131 ise, \u015firket PT PMDN, yani yerli yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Yasal Dayanak: Bu Kurallar\u0131n Kayna\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Endonezya yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, esas olarak <a href=\"https:\/\/jdih-storage.bkpm.go.id\/jdih\/jdih\/2007UUINVESTMENT25-ENGLISH-.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2007 tarihli 25 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun<\/a> Yat\u0131r\u0131m konusunda, yerli sermaye ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 kullanan Yerli Yat\u0131r\u0131m (PMDN) ile yabanc\u0131 sermaye ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m (PMA) aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. PMA genellikle Endonezya'da kurulmu\u015f bir limited \u015firket (PT) olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli d\u00fczenlemeler aras\u0131nda \u015eirketler Kanunu ve Yat\u0131r\u0131m Koordinasyon Kurulu (BKPM)\/Yat\u0131r\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n sermaye ve lisanslama ile ilgili kurallar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hukuk ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u015firket kurulu\u015funu yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u015eirket Kurulu\u015fu Nas\u0131l \u0130\u015fler (PMA ve PMDN i\u00e7in)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA veya PT PMDN kurmak aras\u0131nda temel \u015firket kurulu\u015f s\u00fcreci benzerdir. Bunu, yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flar i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 ek kontrol\u00fcn yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek bir uzun kay\u0131t s\u00fcreci olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Basit bir ifadeyle, ak\u0131\u015f \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ger\u00e7ekten ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirleyin.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Siz se\u00e7ersiniz <strong>KBLI kodlar\u0131<\/strong> (Endonezya'n\u0131n i\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi). Bu, h\u00fck\u00fcmete hangi i\u015f faaliyetlerini yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bildirir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tapu senedini haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in bir noterle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Bir <strong>PT Kurulu\u015f Belgesi<\/strong> (kurulu\u015f senedi) Endonezyaca. \u015eirketinizin ad\u0131, amac\u0131, sermayesi, hissedarlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131 belirtilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hukuk ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'ndan onay al\u0131n.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Onay ald\u0131ktan ve kararnameyi yay\u0131nlad\u0131ktan sonra, PT'niz Endonezya yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OSS sistemi \u00fczerinden kay\u0131t olun.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>\u0130\u00e7inde <strong>\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Tek Ba\u015fvuru OSS<\/strong> platformunda, \u015firketinizi kaydettirir, <strong>\u0130\u015fletme Kimlik Numaras\u0131<\/strong>, ve i\u015f sekt\u00f6rlerinize ve risk d\u00fczeyinize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak risk temelli i\u015f ruhsat\u0131 al\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vergi kayd\u0131n\u0131 halledin.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Vergi numaras\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z, vergi dairesine kaydolursunuz ve gerekirse KDV kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u015firket olarak kaydolursunuz, b\u00f6ylece vergilerinizi d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde \u00f6deyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bir \u015firket banka hesab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131n.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>PMA i\u00e7in, bu ad\u0131m daha yak\u0131ndan izlenir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc asgari \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye ve toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m de\u011feri \u00f6nemlidir. PMDN i\u00e7in sermaye, mikro, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, orta veya b\u00fcy\u00fck gibi yurt i\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00e7eklere g\u00f6re belirlenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gerekirse ek sekt\u00f6rel izinler i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurun.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Baz\u0131 i\u015f alanlar\u0131 (in\u015faat, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri veya turizm gibi) OSS sisteminin sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131na ek olarak kendi \u00f6zel lisanslar\u0131na sahiptir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fcre\u00e7, PT PMA ve PT PMDN i\u00e7in yap\u0131 olarak ayn\u0131d\u0131r, ancak <strong>asgari sermaye gereksinimi<\/strong>, kontroller ve denetimler yabanc\u0131 sermayeli \u015firketler taraf\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha s\u0131k\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA Nedir? (Yabanc\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015eirketi)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eimdi yabanc\u0131 tarafa odaklanal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA Kimler \u0130\u00e7in?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/hizmet\/pma-si%cc%87rket-kaydi-endonezya\/\"><strong>PT PMA<\/strong><\/a> \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren durumlar i\u00e7indir <strong>yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar hisse senetlerine sahiptir<\/strong> \u015firkette. Bu \u015fu anlama gelebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>100%'nin sahibi bir yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ki\u015fidir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 bir \u015firket ve Endonezyal\u0131 bir yerel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 birlikte hisselere sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Birka\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 hissedar ve yerli hissedar tek bir sermaye tablosunda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yat\u0131r\u0131m kanunu uyar\u0131nca, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar bireyler, yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015filer veya yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yabanc\u0131 hisselerin oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olsa bile, yabanc\u0131 hissedarlar \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde sermaye tablosunda yer ald\u0131klar\u0131 anda, \u015firket do\u011frudan yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA i\u00e7in Minimum Yat\u0131r\u0131m ve Sermaye<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"Endonezya&#039;da PMA minimum sermayesini a\u00e7\u0131klayan infografik: toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131 10 milyar IDR&#039;nin \u00fczerinde ve minimum \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye 2,5 milyar IDR&#039;nin \u00fczerinde.\" class=\"wp-image-41659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-200x105.jpg 200w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment-64x33.jpg 64w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pma-minimum-paid-up-and-total-investment.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, herkesin ilk olarak sordu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r: <strong>ne kadar paradan bahsediyoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eu anda, iki fikri birbirinden ay\u0131rman\u0131z gerekiyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minimum toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m de\u011feri<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Pozitif Yat\u0131r\u0131m Listesi ve ilgili kurallar, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca <strong>b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletme<\/strong>, i\u015f kolu ba\u015f\u0131na toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m tutar\u0131 genellikle 10 milyar IDR'nin \u00fczerindedir, arazi ve binalar hari\u00e7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asgari \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>Eski k\u0131lavuzlarda \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye olarak 10 milyar IDR'den bahsediliyordu. Bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti. Son d\u00fczenlemelerle bu rakam d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <strong>asgari \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye<\/strong> standart bir PT PMA i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 milyar IDR'dir, ancak belirli bir sekt\u00f6r kural\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek bir sermaye gereksinimi belirlemedik\u00e7e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir PMA yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi i\u00e7in tipik bir yap\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131: \u00f6rne\u011fin, toplam 11 milyar IDR (i\u015f plan\u0131 seviyesi).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6denmi\u015f sermaye: en az 2,5 milyar IDR fiilen yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmet hala sizin <strong>yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131<\/strong> \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletme\u201d kategorisine uymak i\u00e7in, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ne kadar para yat\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konusunda daha fazla esneklik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA i\u00e7in Sekt\u00f6r Eri\u015fimi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA herhangi bir \u015fey yapabilir mi? Hay\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eu kurallara uymal\u0131d\u0131r <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aseanbriefing.com\/news\/indonesias-positive-investment-list-and-the-sectors-open-restricted-to-foreign-businesses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Pozitif Yat\u0131r\u0131m Listesi<\/strong><\/a>, i\u015f sekt\u00f6rlerini \u015fu \u015fekilde ay\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>100% yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetine a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/strong> Baz\u0131 faaliyetlerde yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n tam m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k ama s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131.<\/strong> Baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde yabanc\u0131 sermaye kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na izin verilmektedir, ancak belirli bir y\u00fczdeye kadar ve bazen ASEAN ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kurallar uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kapal\u0131 veya rezerve edilmi\u015f.<\/strong> Baz\u0131 faaliyetler kooperatifler ve KOB\u0130'ler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r veya yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara hi\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, pay y\u00fczdelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden \u00f6nce \u015funlar\u0131 yapman\u0131z gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>KBLI numaran\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu onaylay\u0131n. <strong>yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete a\u00e7\u0131k<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015eu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin <strong>yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verin <strong>yerel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131<\/strong> kalan hisseleri doldurmak i\u00e7in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA'n\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA, yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flara Endonezya'da bir \u015firketi sahip olmak ve kontrol etmek i\u00e7in temiz ve yasal bir yol sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 temel avantajlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yapabilirsin <strong>yasal olarak faaliyet g\u00f6stermek<\/strong> ve riskli yan d\u00fczenlemeler kullanmak yerine Endonezya'da gelir elde etmek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sponsor olabilirsiniz <strong>yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 vize izinleri<\/strong> PT PMA yap\u0131s\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vergi kurallar\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131m olanaklar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi \u00f6demeleri (temett\u00fcler, y\u00f6netim \u00fccretleri, telif haklar\u0131) yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ciddi uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in PT PMA, Endonezya'da i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in neredeyse her zaman ger\u00e7ek ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA'n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Elbette, PT PMA herkes i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli dezavantajlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Daha y\u00fcksek <strong>asgari sermaye<\/strong> beklentiler ve daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 denetim.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Baz\u0131 ticari faaliyetler, yabanc\u0131 sermayeye tamamen veya k\u0131smen kapal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerel PT'lere k\u0131yasla daha a\u011f\u0131r raporlama ve daha s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere uyum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fct\u00e7eniz \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckse ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme plan\u0131n\u0131z yoksa, PT PMA bu a\u015famada ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olandan daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMDN nedir? (Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015eirketi)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eimdi i\u00e7 politikaya bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMDN Kimler \u0130\u00e7in?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/hizmet\/pt-yerel-sirket-kaydi\/\"><strong>PT PMDN<\/strong><\/a> bir PT'dir <strong>t\u00fcm yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar yereldir<\/strong>. Yat\u0131r\u0131m kanunu uyar\u0131nca, bunun anlam\u0131 \u015fudur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Endonezya vatanda\u015flar\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Endonezya t\u00fczel ki\u015filikleri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmet veya b\u00f6lgesel h\u00fck\u00fcmetler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kullan\u0131lan sermaye yerli sermayedir. Bir noktada \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde yabanc\u0131 bir hissedar getirirseniz, PMA alan\u0131na girmi\u015f olursunuz ve stat\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sermaye ve \u00d6l\u00e7ek: Mikro, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, Orta, B\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yurt i\u00e7i yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketleri i\u00e7in, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi tek bir ulusal \u201c10 milyar\u201d kural\u0131 yoktur. PMDN sermayesi genellikle \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131r:  10 milyar Rp (b\u00fcy\u00fck).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, yerli i\u015fletmelerin ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren do\u011frudan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletme boyutuna atlamak yerine, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ba\u015flay\u0131p ad\u0131m ad\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sekt\u00f6r Eri\u015fimi ve Yurti\u00e7i \u00d6ncelik<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMDN'nin eri\u015fimi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 ve yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mlara tamamen a\u00e7\u0131k sekt\u00f6rler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ciddi \u015fekilde k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar veya KOB\u0130'ler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sekt\u00f6rler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, Endonezya h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yerel piyasa oyuncular\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve destekleme stratejisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Belirli faaliyetleri yerli giri\u015fimcilere ay\u0131rarak, hassas veya stratejik alanlarda yabanc\u0131 sermayenin yerel KOB\u0130'leri piyasadan d\u0131\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMDN'nin Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Endonezyal\u0131 giri\u015fimcilerin PT PMDN'yi tercih etmelerinin baz\u0131 nedenleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00d6zellikle i\u015f hayat\u0131na yeni ba\u015flayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sermaye beklentisi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in yasak veya s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f alanlarda daha geni\u015f sekt\u00f6r eri\u015fimi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sahiplik ve \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015flem yerel oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi sorunlar daha basittir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kafeler, yerel PT distrib\u00fct\u00f6rleri veya aile i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in, PT PMDN genellikle yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zorlamaktan daha mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMDN'nin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcnler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PT PMDN'ye yabanc\u0131 hissedarlar\u0131 yasal olarak dahil edemezsiniz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar do\u011frudan hisse senedi istediklerinde, daha sonra sermaye art\u0131rmak daha zor olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i istihdam etmek i\u00e7in, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi olarak kurulmu\u015f bir PT PMA'dan daha fazla engelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Uyum ve Raporlama: Vergiler, LKPM ve Kurumsal Hijyen<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"Bir masada hesap makinesi ve finansal raporlar\u0131 kullanarak Endonezya&#039;da i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in sermaye ve uyum maliyetlerini hesaplayan i\u015f profesyoneli.\" class=\"wp-image-41660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-200x105.jpg 200w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia-64x33.jpg 64w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/business-compliance-indonesia.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hangi yolu se\u00e7erseniz se\u00e7in, bir \u015fey ayn\u0131d\u0131r: Endonezya \u00f6nemsiyor <strong>raporlama<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LKPM \u2013 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Faaliyet Raporlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yat\u0131r\u0131m Faaliyet Raporu (LKPM), yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketlerinin Yat\u0131r\u0131m Koordinasyon Kurulu'na sundu\u011fu periyodik bir rapordur. Bu rapor, raporlama aylar\u0131n\u0131n (Nisan\/Temmuz\/Ekim\/Ocak) 15'inde sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Raporda \u015funlar yer al\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131n\u0131za k\u0131yasla ger\u00e7ekte ne kadar yat\u0131r\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ka\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsunuz?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00dcretim veya operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130lerlemenizi engelleyen herhangi bir sorun var m\u0131?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>LKPM, BKPM kurallar\u0131na tabidir ve OSS sistemi \u00fczerinden \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak sunulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son k\u0131lavuzda \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Belirli bir de\u011ferin alt\u0131ndaki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler alt\u0131 ayda bir rapor sunar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler her \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir rapor sunmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygulamada, PT PMA ve orta\/b\u00fcy\u00fck PT PMDN, LKPM taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan izlenmektedir. Eksik veya \u00f6zensiz raporlar, uyar\u0131lar, lisanslar\u0131n i\u015faretlenmesi veya ciddi durumlarda gelecekteki onaylarda sorunlara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fcrokrasi ile u\u011fra\u015fmak istemiyorsan\u0131z, Visa-Indonesia ekibi size kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/hizmet\/lkpm-raporu-yatirim-faali%cc%87yet-raporu\/\">LKPM raporlama hizmeti<\/a> uyumlulu\u011funuzu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vergi Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hem PT PMA hem de PT PMDN kurumlar vergisi \u00f6der ve Endonezya vergi kanunlar\u0131na uygun olarak vergi \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA genellikle daha fazla s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi \u00f6demeyle ilgilenir: yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na giden temett\u00fcler, ana \u015firkete \u00f6denen y\u00f6netim \u00fccretleri, fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in telif \u00fccretleri vb. Bu durum, stopaj vergisini, olas\u0131 \u00e7ifte vergilendirme anla\u015fmas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ve vergi dairesinin daha fazla ilgisini beraberinde getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, vergi kanunlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olsa da, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketleri i\u00e7in karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k genellikle daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve G\u00f6\u00e7menlik<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsan\u0131z, ayr\u0131 bir kurallar dizisine girersiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Onaylanm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc plan\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izinlerine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her yabanc\u0131 uyruklu ki\u015fi, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin \"vize\" olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygun oturma iznine ihtiya\u00e7 duyacakt\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/hizmet\/endonezya-yatirimci-vi%cc%87zesi%cc%87\/\">yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 vizesi<\/a> veya <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/hizmet\/endonezya-calisma-vizesi\/\">\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma KITAS.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMA genellikle yetkililerin bir \u015firketten bekledi\u011fi yap\u0131d\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/vi%cc%87zeler-ve-yonetmeli%cc%87kler\/endonezya-i%cc%87sti%cc%87hdam-rehberi%cc%87\/\">uzun vadeli yabanc\u0131 personel istihdam eder<\/a>. PT PMDN bazen yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 da sponsor edebilir, ancak bu daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve daha s\u0131k\u0131 denetime tabidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kurumsal Temizlik Hizmetleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PMA ve PMDN i\u00e7in, standart PT y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleriniz de vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y\u0131ll\u0131k hissedar toplant\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uygun finansal tablolar haz\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri (y\u00f6neticiler, komisyon \u00fcyeleri, hissedarlar, adres) noter arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bildirin ve OSS'yi g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u201cs\u0131k\u0131c\u0131\u201d g\u00f6revleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek, daha sonra finansmana ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funuzda, durum tespiti yapman\u0131z gerekti\u011finde veya \u015firketin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 satmak istedi\u011finizde sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n iyi bir yoludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMDN'yi PT PMA'ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bazen PMA ile ba\u015flamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u00d6nce yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131larla ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z, sonra yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn Mant\u0131kl\u0131 Oldu\u011fu veya Gerekli Oldu\u011fu Durumlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PT PMDN'den PT PMA'ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015fu durumlarda ge\u00e7erli olur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, mevcut PT'nizin hisselerini sat\u0131n almak istiyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 bir ana \u015firket, yerel \u015firketi sat\u0131n almak istiyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yabanc\u0131 ortaklar\u0131n sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin arkas\u0131nda de\u011fil, \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in sahiplik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlemek istiyorsunuz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Yabanc\u0131 hissedarlar geldi\u011finde, \u015firket yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilecektir. Bu noktada, PMA kurallar\u0131na uymas\u0131 gerekecektir: sekt\u00f6r a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, asgari sermaye, raporlama ve lisanslama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Genellikle Neleri \u0130\u00e7erir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015fu \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hissedar karar\u0131.<\/strong> Mevcut hissedarlar, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 davet etmeyi ve sermaye yap\u0131s\u0131 ile \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri onaylamay\u0131 kabul ederler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Noter de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri.<\/strong> Noter, yeni hissedarlar\u0131, yeni sermaye tutarlar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer yap\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yans\u0131tacak \u015fekilde senetleri d\u00fczenler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle ilgili g\u00fcncellemeler.<\/strong> Hukuk ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131'na \u015firket verilerini g\u00fcnceller, OSS'deki profilinizi d\u00fczenler ve NIB ve lisanslar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 PMA stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle uyumlu hale getirirsiniz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sermaye ve sekt\u00f6r kontrolleri.<\/strong> Yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve \u00f6denmi\u015f sermayenizin PMA e\u015fiklerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve KBLI'nizin yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyete izin verildi\u011finden emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu \u00e7ok fazla gibi geliyorsa, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6yle. Ancak bunu bir kez do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yapmak, daha sonra da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bir yap\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan \u00e7ok daha ucuzdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 Gereken Tuzaklar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan baz\u0131 tuzaklar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sermaye, PT PMA yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in hala \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Unutmay\u0131n, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletme d\u00fczeyinde olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sekt\u00f6r, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara veya d\u0131\u015f \u00f6ncelikli i\u015f alanlar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raporlama uyumlu de\u011fildir. LKPM kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z ve yeni sermaye yap\u0131n\u0131z ayn\u0131 hikayeyi anlatm\u0131yorsa, sorular bekleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aday ile PT PMDN Kurmak<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131lara, \u201cArkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131na yerel bir PT PMDN kullan\u0131n. As\u0131l sahibi siz olacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d denir. Bu d\u00fczenleme genellikle <strong>aday yap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde, \u015firket normal bir PT PMDN gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor:<br>T\u00fcm <strong>hissedarlar Endonezyal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>, bu nedenle yurt i\u00e7i yat\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilir.<br>Uygulamada, yabanc\u0131 para yat\u0131r\u0131r, kararlar\u0131 al\u0131r ve yerel \u201csahip\u201din sadece ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 verdi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir yan anla\u015fma vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kolay bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, ancak ger\u00e7ek riskler de beraberinde gelir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 zay\u0131f<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Haklar\u0131n\u0131z genellikle uygulanmas\u0131 zor olabilecek \u00f6zel s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerde yer al\u0131r.<br>Aday i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 reddederse, \u201csizin\u201d \u015firketinizin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedebilirsiniz.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00fczenleme riski<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Yat\u0131r\u0131m hukuku, yabanc\u0131 sermayenin ge\u00e7mesini beklemektedir. <strong>PT PMA<\/strong>, PT PMDN i\u00e7inde gizlenmemelidir.<br>Yetkililer bunu yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyet kurallar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131n bir yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, daha sonra ciddi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bankalar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131larla ilgili sorunlar<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Kredi ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu\u011funuzda veya ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar getirdi\u011finizde, \u015firketin ger\u00e7ek sahibinin kim oldu\u011funu kontrol ederler.<br>Aday g\u00f6sterme s\u00fcreci onlar\u0131 korkutabilir veya onlar evet demeden \u00f6nce yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya zorlayabilir.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir yabanc\u0131n\u0131n <strong>ger\u00e7ek sahibi<\/strong>, en g\u00fcvenli yol bir <strong>PT PMA<\/strong> (Endonezyal\u0131 ortaklarla veya ortaklar olmadan) veya temsilcilik ofisi veya mevcut yerel PT ile temiz bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme gibi ba\u015fka bir a\u00e7\u0131k, yasal yap\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir i\u015fletme kurmak istersem ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u015fletmesi y\u00f6neten kad\u0131n, kutular ve kuma\u015flarla dolu bir st\u00fcdyoda belgeleri ve diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131 kontrol ediyor. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, Endonezya&#039;daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeleri temsil ediyor.\" class=\"wp-image-41661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-1024x536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-768x402.jpg 768w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-200x105.jpg 200w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia-64x33.jpg 64w, https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/foreign-small-business-in-indonesia.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu, neredeyse her yabanc\u0131, bunu duyduklar\u0131nda sordu\u011fu sorudur. <strong>10 milyar IDR<\/strong> yat\u0131r\u0131m gereksinimi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAma ben sadece bir <em>k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck<\/em> i\u015f. Ger\u00e7ekten bu kadar \u00e7ok \u015feye ihtiyac\u0131m var m\u0131?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bunu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk olarak, <strong>10 milyar IDR<\/strong> say\u0131 sizinle ilgilidir <strong>toplam yat\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131<\/strong>, ilk g\u00fcn b\u0131rakman\u0131z gereken bir valiz dolusu nakit para de\u011fil. Bu, zaman i\u00e7inde kurmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u015fletmenin de\u011feri \u2013 ekipman, donan\u0131m, sistemler, personel, i\u015fletme sermayesi \u2013 sadece banka hesab\u0131nda duran para de\u011fil. <strong>asgari \u00f6denmi\u015f sermaye<\/strong> tipik bir PT PMA i\u00e7in \u015fu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k <strong>2,5 milyar Endonezya rupisi<\/strong>, Bu hala ciddi bir miktar para, ancak eski 10 milyar kural\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>E\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten hen\u00fcz o seviyeye ula\u015fam\u0131yorsan\u0131z, birka\u00e7 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i se\u00e7ene\u011finiz var:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kal\u0131n ve yerel bir PT PMDN arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n.<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> \u015eirketin sahibi olan ve m\u00fc\u015fterilere fatura kesen g\u00fcvenilir bir Endonezya \u015firketiyle ortakl\u0131k kurabilirsiniz. Siz ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, dan\u0131\u015fman veya y\u00fcklenici olarak bu \u015firkete kat\u0131labilirsiniz. \u00d6nemli olan nokta \u015fudur: siz <strong>de\u011fil<\/strong> sahibi. Yerel taraf ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle. Bu, onu yurt i\u00e7i yat\u0131r\u0131m kutusu i\u00e7inde tutar ve sahte aday kurulumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sadece varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermek istiyorsan\u0131z temsilcilik ofisi kullan\u0131n<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Ana hedefiniz pazar\u0131 test etmek, ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak veya yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir merkez ofisi desteklemekse (ve yerel faturalar d\u00fczenlemek de\u011filse), bir <strong>temsi\u0307lci\u0307li\u0307k ofi\u0307si\u0307<\/strong> bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in yeterli olabilir. Tam bir ticari \u015firket de\u011fildir, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan \u00f6nce piyasay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmenizi sa\u011flar.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bekleyin ve uygun bir PT PMA olu\u015fturun<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong> Baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131lar, Endonezyal\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u00e7in uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak veya yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan marka olu\u015fturarak i\u015fe ba\u015flarlar. \u0130\u015fletme kendini kan\u0131tlad\u0131ktan ve sermaye haz\u0131r olduktan sonra, ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m kurallar\u0131na uygun bir PT PMA'ya y\u00fckseltirler.<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6nemli nokta: E\u011fer istiyorsan\u0131z <strong>kendi<\/strong> Bir yabanc\u0131 olarak Endonezya \u015firketi kurmak istiyorsan\u0131z, PT PMA alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermeli ve yat\u0131r\u0131m e\u015fiklerine uymal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Hen\u00fcz bu a\u015famaya gelmediyseniz, \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u201d bir PT PMA kurmaya zorlanmak veya riskli bir aday PT PMDN'nin arkas\u0131na saklanmak yerine, mevcut b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcze uygun bir yap\u0131 se\u00e7meniz daha iyi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bir yabanc\u0131, PT PMDN'de hisse sahibi olabilir mi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek bir PT PMDN olarak kalmak istiyorsa hay\u0131r. Tan\u0131m gere\u011fi, PMDN, yerli sermayeyi kullanan yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar anlam\u0131na gelir. Yabanc\u0131 hissedarlar eklenirse, \u015firket yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli ve PMA kurallar\u0131na uymal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PT PMA, 0 yabanc\u0131 sermayeli olabilir mi?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evet, Pozitif Yat\u0131r\u0131m Listesi o KBLI i\u00e7in 0 yabanc\u0131 m\u00fclkiyetine izin verdi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerde ise, yerel ortaklar i\u00e7in bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama veya \u015fart olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yat\u0131r\u0131m 10 milyar IDR'nin alt\u0131nda olursa ne olur?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>O halde, tipik PT PMA profiline uymayabilirsiniz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n bu e\u015fi\u011fin \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Yap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeniz, plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmeniz veya ortakl\u0131klar ya da temsilcilik ofisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi di\u011fer se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendirmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PMA ve PMDN'nin her ikisi de LKPM sunmak zorunda m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Evet, her iki kategorideki yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketleri, e\u015fik de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde LKPM'ye tabidir. PT PMA genellikle her zaman kapsam dahilindedir. PT PMDN y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri, yat\u0131r\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine ve s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kendi yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 vizem i\u00e7in hangi yap\u0131 daha iyidir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7o\u011fu durumda, PT PMA daha uygundur. Bu, sizin kendi i\u015finizi y\u00f6neten bir yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funuzu destekler. <a href=\"https:\/\/visa-indonesia.com\/tr\/vi%cc%87zeler-ve-yonetmeli%cc%87kler\/endonezyada-yatirim\/\">Endonezya'daki yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi<\/a>, bu da yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 tipi oturma izninin amac\u0131na uygundur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PT PMA ve PT PMDN aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmaya m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsunuz? Bu k\u0131lavuz, sahiplik kurallar\u0131n\u0131, sermaye gereksinimlerini ve sekt\u00f6r s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir dille a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Endonezya'da i\u015f kurarken yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131ya girme veya lisanslar\u0131n bloke olma riskini ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6831,"featured_media":41678,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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