退職者用KITASまたは退職者用KITAPは、出国すると失効しますか？

No. The リタイアメント・キタス そして 引退 キタップ are multiple-entry permits, meaning you can enter and leave Indonesia as often as you want during the validity period.

Your KITAS/KITAP will 違う expire automatically just because you travel abroad.
It only expires on its official end date, unless cancelled intentionally (e.g., through an EPO).